Substance and Subject, from Kant to Hegel
Palavras-chave:
substance, subject, self-consciousness, monism, (the) absoluteResumo
In the Preface of the Phenomenology o Spirit, Hegel famously claims that “everything turns on grasping and expressing the True, not only as Substance, but equally as Subjectâ€. This article aims to put Hegel’s claim into the context of the preceding discussion about the relation between the concepts of subject and substance in Kant and Fichte. Whereas Kant adopted a concept of subject which goes together with agnosticism regarding the question if subjects are substances, Fichte transformed the concept of subject into a concept which signifies a peculiar ontological status, that is, a mode of being which is characterized by the self-positing nature which distinguishes subjects from things. At the same time, Fichte understands the concept of substance as being subordinated to that of subject. It is the central thesis of the article that the Hegelian claim presupposes the Fichtean ontologicalization of the concept of subject. However, it is also argued that Hegel, in contrast to Fichte, construes the concepts of subject and of substance as being equally original.Referências
FICHTE, Johann Gottlieb. Gesamtausgabe der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Ed. Reinhard Lauth and Hans Gliwitzky. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 1962 ff. (GA)
FICHTE, Johann Gottlieb. The Science of Knowledge. Edited and translated by Peter Heath and John Lachs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. (SK)
HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Gesammelte Werke. Ed. Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Hamburg: Meiner, 1968 ff. (GW)
HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. The Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by Arnold Vincent Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977. (PhS)
JAESCHKE, Walter. Hegel Handbuch. Stuttgart: Metzler 2003.
KANT, Immanuel. Kant’s gesammelte Schriften (Academy edition). Berlin: G.Reimer, 1902 ff. (AA)
KANT, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. (KrV)
ROSEFELDT, Tobias. Das logische Ich. Kant über den Gehalt des Begriffes von sich selbst. Berlin: PHILO, 2000.
TAYLOR, Charles. Hegel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
WANDSCHNEIDER, Dieter: “Formas elementares do psÃquico. Um esboço teórico-sistemático a partir da interpretação hegeliana do organismoâ€. In: Revista Eletrônica Estudos Hegelianos 12 (2010), pp. 52-75.
ZÖLLER, Günter: Fichte’s Transcendental Philosophy: The Original Duplicity of Intelligence and Will. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
